Model of malaria MSP1–RBC receptor complex. (A) Band 3 and GPA are known to exhibit close physical association in the RBC membrane. The 5ABC region of band 3 that binds to malaria MSP1₁₉ (dark blue) is adjacent to GPA* (orange), which binds to MSP1₁₂, as adapted from Williamson and Toye.⁴⁸  (B) Proposed model of malaria merozoite adhesion to erythrocyte by engaging the MSP1 protein complex with host band 3–GPA receptor/coreceptor complex. The recently identified MSPDBL proteins of the MSP1 complex are also shown.⁴⁷