Autocrine effect of TH-induced VEGF in TCL proliferation. (A) TCL proliferation after 24-hour treatment with recombinant VEGF vs CT. (B) DNA synthesis measured by [³H]TdR incorporation in CUTLL1, HuT 78, and OCI-Ly12 cells exposed to TH and treated with the anti-VEGF bevacizumab or vehicle and the VEGFR inhibitor axitinib or vehicle. Results shown are the mean ± SEM of independent triplicates. (C) CUTLL1 cells were transfected with si-ITGAV, si-ITGB3, or si-CT and injected into SCID mice (n = 4 for each treatment). Tumor growth from day 4 to 15 after implantation was measured by the AUC. (D) Levels of VEGFA and active caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry staining in tissue sections of the tumors obtained from panel A. Representative photographs are shown (scale bar, 50 μm). (E) Representative photographs of CD31 staining of tissue sections from the CUTLL1 tumors. Quantification of the blood vessel area (lumen) from the CUTLL1 tumors (right).