Neutralizing IL-1α, and not IL-1β, abrogated neutrophil early recruitment and increases in peritoneal G-CSF and IL-6. WT and X-CGD mice were injected IV with 0.5 mg of neutralizing antibodies either to mouse IL-1α, IL-1β, or isotype controls 1 hour before induction of periodate-induced peritonitis, and subsequently sacrificed after 8 hours. (A) Peritoneal neutrophils and (B) monocyte-macrophages were determined by cytospin analysis. Peritoneal cytokine levels in lavages were determined by a multiplex assay (E-H). Combined n = 6 in each group from 2 separate experiments. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and P values determined using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey correction. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.