Interaction of anti-CD5 CAR T cells with CD5-expressing T-lymphoma and normal T cells triggers cytotoxic effector pathways that are effective in lymphoma but blocked by PI-9 and Bcl-2 in normal T cells. Fas/FasL is the dominant pathway mediating apoptosis in lymphoma cells, and the perforin/granzyme pathway is dominant in primary T cells. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.