Inflammation of ECs is prevented by DF interaction with the cell membrane. (A) Micrographs show VCAM-1 expression on SK exposed to CSA (200 ng/mL, 24 h), without and with DF in the media and in the absence and presence of Wortmannin (W), as indicated. Bar diagrams represent levels of VCAM-1 expression on SK. (B) Activation of p38 MAPK in SK cells by CSA, without and with DF and in the absence and presence of W. Immunoblot image shows phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and the bar diagram represents the relative quantification (vs control). (C) Activation of p38 MAPK by CSA in SK cells previously incubated with DF for different time points. The immunoblot image shows phosphorylated p38 MAPK and the bar diagram represents the relative quantification (vs control). The dotted line represents the mean expression in control cells. All data correspond to relative expression, n = 4, being *P < .05 vs control and ^#P < .05 vs CSA.