Mapping and functional analysis of PLCG1 variants and CARD11 variants. (A) Schematic representation of PLCG1 protein with mapping of the 10 missense mutations identified in AITL (circles) or TFH-like PTCL (squares) cases. Previously described activating mutations are in green boldface and mutations previously described but not functionally tested are underlined. (B) Monitoring of PLCG1-mediated MALT1 activation via a FRET-based reporter assay. Data are represented as mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments. Significant differences in activation activity were determined using 1-way ANOVA (**P ≤ .01; ***P ≤ .001). Representative western blot from a MALT1 activation experiment. PLCG1 expression is revealed by anti-Myc tag blotting, whereas MALT1 expression is shown by anti-MALT1 antibody. (C) NFAT luciferase reporter assay monitoring activity of PLCG1 mutants, compared with previously reported activating mutants (green). Data are represented as mean ± SEM from 7 independent experiments. Significant differences in activation activity were determined using 1-way ANOVA (*P ≤ .05; **P ≤ .01). Representative western blot from a luciferase assay experiment. Ectopic myc-tagged PLCG1 expression is revealed by anti-Myc. Anti-Actin blotting serves as loading control. (D) Schematic representation of CARD11 protein with mapping of the 3-point mutations found in 2 AITL (circles) and 1 TFH-like PTCL-NOS (square) patients. A previously described mutation is underlined. (E) Monitoring of CARD11-mediated MALT1 activation via a FRET-based reporter assay. Data are represented as mean ± SEM from 6 independent experiments. Significant differences in activation activity were determined using 1-way ANOVA (*P ≤ .05; **P ≤ .01). The known activating L244P variant (green) was used as a positive control for the experiment. Representative western blot from a MALT1 activation experiment. CARD11 expression is revealed by anti-HA tag blotting, whereas MALT1 expression is shown by anti-MALT1 antibody. (F) NF-κB luciferase reporter assay in Jurkat cells deficient for CARD11 monitoring activity of CARD11 mutants, compared with previously reported activating mutants (green). Data are represented as mean ± SEM from 4 independent experiments. Significant differences in activation activity were determined using 2-way ANOVA (*P ≤ .05; **P ≤ .01; ***P ≤ .001 compared with WT PMA/IONO).