HMGB1 and C1q induce anti-inflammatory molecules and promote an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Human monocytes, treated with C1q (25 μg/mL) or C1q tail (53 μg/mL) and/or HMGB1 (3 μg/mL) for 24 hours, were processed for mRNA and protein. (A) Mer tyrosine kinase as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (left). R.E., relative expression. N = 3. (B) PD-L1 was assessed by qPCR. N = 4. (C) IL-10 was assessed by qPCR (left) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (right). N = 4. (D) CD163 was assessed by qPCR (left) and flow cytometry (right). N = 3 for left; N = 3 for right. (E) HLA-DR (MHCII) was determined by flow cytometry. N = 3. All data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of independent experiments in which each condition was tested in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. ns, not significant; *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.