MAMs secrete the matrix proteoglycan versican which can be cut into versikine and a small peptide dimer (glutamine position 441–alanine position 442; Glu⁴⁴¹-Ala⁴⁴²) by ADAMTS1. This ADAMTS1 is produced by mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs). Both versican (blue lines) and versikine (green lines) exert an influence on T cells: while versican binds to TLR2 on APCs which block T cells through type II cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-10). On the other hand, versikine, a novel damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), binds to TLR2 but perhaps also other receptors, subsequently using intracellular mitogen-activated protein (MAP) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) thus mediating T-cell activation through type I cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and CCL2.