Immunophenotype and biological characteristics of CD34⁺and CD34⁻AML LSCs. (A) AML LSCs in CD34⁺ AML are primarily detected within LMPP-like (CD34⁺CD38⁻CD90⁻CD45RA⁺) and GMP-like (CD34⁺CD38⁺CD123⁺CD45RA⁺) subpopulations when engrafted into NSG mice. Less frequently they are detected in a dominant MPP-like (CD34⁺CD38⁻CD90⁻CD45RA⁻) subpopulation. Nevertheless, the stability of these markers after chemotherapy has not been rigorously tested, and there is likely to be considerable plasticity between these populations. LSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and give rise to non-LSC leukemic cells. OX-PHOS, oxidative phosphorylation. (B) AML LSCs in CD34⁻ AML are primarily detected within a precursor GM-like (CD34⁻CD117⁺CD244^+/−) subpopulation based on recent studies. Upon engraftment, these cells give rise to non-LSC leukemic cells. These findings have yet to be validated in additional studies but indicate a striking contrast with CD34⁺ AML and possibly a more mature myeloid cell of origin that has acquired self-renewal properties.