Podoplanin is expressed in the IVC vessel wall. Sham-operated IVC (Ai) or 48 stenosis-induced thrombi together with the IVC (Aii, B-C) were excised and stained for podoplanin (green) and PECAM-1 (Ai-ii, Ci; red) or VWF (Cii, red). Nuclei are blue in all images. (Ai-ii) Sham-operated IVC and IVC with a thrombus, respectively, photographed under identical microscope settings. Note increased podoplanin expression in the thrombosed IVC. (B) Whole thrombus after 48 hours of stenosis within the IVC. (Ci-ii) Costaining of podoplanin with PECAM-1 and VWF, respectively. Note podoplanin localization below the endothelium and absence of podoplanin in the thrombus. (D) Staining of IVC with a thrombus after 48 hours of stenosis for podoplanin (green) and platelets (CD41, red). Note platelets penetrating the vessel wall and localizing in the vicinity to podoplanin. Arrowheads indicate platelets. (A) Bar, 50 μm; (B) bar, 500 μm; (C) bar, 100 μm; n = 4-5. (D) Bar, 10 μm. Representative images of n = 3 with 10 to 15 images from each IVC. L, lumen; T, thrombus.