Survival from diagnosis based on indication for starting second-line therapy. Group 1 (red), early signs of recurrent disease not yet meeting hematologic or organ R/P criteria; group 2 (green), hematologic R/P without signs of organ R/P; group 3 (blue), organ R/P without hematologic R/P; group 4 (orange), both hematologic and organ R/P; and group 5 (turquoise), suboptimal response to ASCT. (A) All patients, OS from ASCT. Five-year OS was 91%, 85%, 66%, 64%, and 80% for groups 1, 2,3, 4, and 5, respectively; individual cross-group comparisons were significant for groups 3 and 1 (P = .03), 3 and 2 (P = .008), 4 and 1 (P = .04), and 4 and 2 (P = .03). (B) Patients not achieving a VGPR or better to ASCT, OS from ASCT. Five-year OS was 100%, 86%, 42%, 40%, and 78% for groups 1 to 5, respectively; individual cross-group comparisons were significant for groups 3 and 1 (P = .0006), 3 and 2 (P = .008), 3 and 5 (P = .02), and 4 and 1 (P = .006). (C) Patients achieving a VGPR or better to ASCT, OS from ASCT. Five-year OS was 100%, 85%, 81%, and 80% for groups 1 to 4, respectively; there were no individual differences between groups. (D) All patients, OS from starting second-line therapy. Five-year OS was 82%, 64%, 43%, 42%, and 80% for groups 1 to 5, respectively; individual cross-group comparisons were significant for groups 3 and 1 (P = .009), 3 and 2 (P = .02), 4 and 1 (P = .005), and 4 and 2 (P = .01). (E) Patients not achieving a VGPR or better ASCT, OS from starting second-line therapy. Five-year OS was 100%, 59%, 33%, 32%, and 78% for groups 1 to 5, respectively; individual cross-group comparisons were significant for groups 2 and 1 (P = .06), 3 and 1 (P = .001), 3 and 2 (P = .03), and 3 and 5 (P = .05). (F) Patients achieving a VGPR or better to ASCT, OS from starting second-line therapy. Five-year OS was 88%, 71%, 53%, and 46% for groups 1 to 4, respectively; individual cross-group comparisons were significant between groups 4 and 2 (P = .04).