AAT increases proportion of activated T_regs to effector memory T cells. T_regs, T_reg subsets (naïve and activated), conventional T cells (T_conv), and T_conv subsets (naïve, central memory, effector, and effector memory) were analyzed by FACS at enrollment before AAT administration (T_regs, n = 7; T_conv, n = 9) and after 2 (T_regs, n = 6; T_conv, n = 9) and 4 weeks (T_regs, n = 5; T_conv, n = 6) of AAT treatment. (A) Fold change of T_regs (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ lymphocytes) expressed as a percentage of CD4⁺ helper T (T_h) cells (number of T_regs/number of viable CD4⁺ lymphocytes) at 2 and 4 weeks after AAT treatment relative to prior treatment. (B) Fold change of activated T_h cells (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3^loCD45⁻ lymphocytes), naïve T_regs (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3^loCD45⁺ lymphocytes), or activated T_regs (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3^hiCD45⁻ lymphocytes) expressed as a percentage of total T_regs at time points after AAT treatment relative to that observed at enrollment. (C) Fold change of cytotoxic T cells (viable CD3⁺CD8⁺CD4⁻), with naïve (CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺), central memory (CCR7⁺CD45RA⁻), effector (CCR7⁻CD45RA⁻), and effector memory (CCR7⁻CD45RA⁺) cells expressed as a percentage of total cytotoxic T cells at time points after AAT treatment relative to that observed at enrollment. Data represent mean values, and the error bars represent the standard errors of the mean. *P < .05.