Processing of prochemerin by FXIa. FXI can be activated by contact activation or thrombin. FXIa can then process prochemerin to a form that can be modified by carboxypeptidase N (CPN) or activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor to active chemerin. Chemerin is proinflammatory and acts as classical adipokine and chemokine on multiple cell types. Inactivation of chemerin occurs via proteolytic cleavage by proteinase 3, elastase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; PR3, proteinase 3; TAFIa, activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. Professional illustration by Somersault18:24.