Regulation of MMP-1 production by BMSC treated with cytokines or hormones. BMSC (1.5 × 10⁴/100 μL) were untreated or exposed to IL-6 (10 ng/mL), OSM (10 ng/mL), IL-1β (10 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL), TGF-β (10 ng/mL), IL-10 (10 ng/mL), dexamethasone (10⁻⁶ mol/L), or 1.25(OH)₂D₃ (10⁻⁸ mol/L) for 48 hours. The MMP-1 level was then measured in the corresponding culture supernatants by ELISA. Three different BMSC have been studied in duplicate, and the results are presented as a percentage of the control.