Bacterial numbers and inflammatory responses in GM-CSF−/− mice. GM-CSF knockout mice (▪) or wild-type mice (□) were infected intraperitoneally with 2 × 10⁵Listeria for 1 or 3 days. Bacterial load and peritoneal cells were quantitated. Data represent mean and standard deviation of groups of five mice. *P < .05 and **P < .01 compared with wild-type mice. Results were from one of three similar experiments. (a) Bacterial counts in spleen. (b) Bacterial counts in liver. (c) Total cells recovered per peritoneal cavity. (d) Neutrophils per peritoneal cavity. (e) Macrophages and monocytes per peritoneal cavity.