Treatment with MCM is superior to cytokines. ER⁻ cells were cultured for 7 days in GM-CSF and IL-4, and recultured in the presence of MCM, cytokine combinations, or no additional supplementation (−MCM) for 4 more days. On day 11 cells were collected and counted. The percent yields reflect the number of cells obtained relative to treatment with MCM (100%). The cells were then washed to remove residual cytokines, cultured for 3 days in RPMI with 1% plasma in the absence of additional supplements, and analyzed for CD83 expression (day 14). Values are the mean ± SD and are representative of 5 to 7 experiments. *P < .05, paired Student's t-test.