Cell therapy with VAF347-BMDCs prevents islet allograft rejection. Balb/c bone marrow cells were differentiated into immature BMDCs by 6-day culture in the presence of GM-CSF with or without VAF347 (20 nM). On day 6, an aliquot of cells was activated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for additional 8 hours. (A) LPS-activated VAF347-BMDCs (mDCs-VAF), nontreated BMDCs (mDCs), immature VAF347-BMDCs (iDCs-VAF), and immature nontreated BMDCs (iDCs) were injected intravenously (3 × 10⁵) into diabetic Balb/c females 1 day prior to C57Bl/6 islet allograft transplantation (2-tailed t test: **P < .01). (B) Balb/c mice (n = 3) were immunized with OVA in CFA 1 day after intravenous injection of LPS-activated VAF347-treated (mDCs-VAF) or LPS-activated nontreated BMDCs (mDCs). Seven days later, draining lymph node cells were isolated and stimulated with Con A (1.25 mg/mL), with C57Bl/6 irradiated CD90⁻ APCs (1:1 ratio; proliferation of stimulator cells alone was < 130 cpm), or with OVA at the indicated concentrations (2-tailed t test: *P < .05; ***P < .001). Error bars represent standard deviation between different mice (n = 3).