The emergence of human T cells to the peripheral blood of NSγ mice. (A-E) For each mouse, the numbers of human CD45⁺ CD3⁺ T cells were quantified per microliter of peripheral blood (A), which coexpress canonical T-cell antigens, such as CD8 (B), but do not coexpress CD56, a defining antigen for NK T cells (C). With high transplant cell doses (≥ 10 000 cells), T cells began to emerge as early as 13 weeks after transplantation (D). By 16 weeks after transplantation, human T cells could be detected in the peripheral blood of mice that had been transplanted with ≥ 1000 cells (E). In panels D and E, the data were stratified based on the transplant dose of Lin^neg ALDH^br CD34⁺ cells. Arrows indicate the first time T cells are observed for each dose. **Indicates T-cell development increased significantly at a dose of 10 000 cells (P < .05). (F-H) The human CD45⁺ cells within the bone marrow of NSγ mice were characterized for the presence of human CD3⁺ T cells. T cells were not present 6 weeks after transplantation (F; n = 5), but were present at 12 (G; n = 5) and 19-21 weeks (H; n = 16 of 32) after transplantation.