Expression changes of VNN1 and PPARγ in response to oxidative stress inducers. PBMC samples were treated with LPS or sodium arsenite and cultured for 12 hours, after which the cells were harvested and VNN1 and PPARγ expression was measured by real-time PCR. The expression fold changes were calculated by dividing the normalized VNN1 and PPARγ expression values in treated cells by values in nontreated cells. (A) After LPS treatment, VNN1 increased 5- to 40-fold, whereas PPARγ decreased 25- to 76-fold. (B) After sodium arsenite treatment, VNN1 increased 2- to 40-fold, whereas PPARγ decreased 4- to 7-fold.