Functional assays of Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺cells from diabetic animals. (A) In vitro colony assays of nondiabetic and diabetic-derived Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells indicating the total number of colonies formed (B), the percentage of colonies formed that were granulocytes, G, versus monocytes, M, for each sample. (C) Migration assays of nondiabetic and diabetic-derived Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells toward VEGF, MIP-2, and MCP-1. (D) Adhesion assay of nondiabetic and diabetic-derived Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells on TNF-α activated endothelial cells. (E) Gene expression profile of Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells assessed by qRT-PCR. (i) Expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers by diabetic and nondiabetic-derived Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells. (ii) Expression of angiogenic factors Vegf and Mmp-9 in diabetic and nondiabetic-derived Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells. (iii) Expression of endogenous Hoxa3 and a representative Hoxa3 target gene Cdc42 in diabetic and nondiabetic-derived Gr-1⁺CD11b⁺ cells. Error bars represent SEM, *P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .01, ***P ≤ .001. BM, bone marrow; WD7, wound day 7.