Mechanisms of enhancer dysregulation in hematopoietic malignancies. Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that provide control over gene expression in specialized cellular contexts. A number of mechanisms have been discovered whereby enhancers are deregulated in order to drive cancers. These include chromosomal structural abnormalities such as translocations (top), insertions or deletions (middle), or point mutations (bottom). Any of these abnormalities can lead to enhancers aberrantly driving expression of genes important for cancer pathogenesis. These abnormalities can also lead to disruption of enhancers, shutting off genes and also contributing to disease.