Effect of FLT3-ITD-AR and length on survival of pediatric AML patients treated in the DB-AML01 protocol and clonogenic capacity in vitro upon treatment with gilteritinib and midostaurin. (A) OS and (B) EFS according to FLT3-ITD allelic ratio based on RNA measurements. (C) OS and (D) EFS according to FLT3-ITD allelic ratio based on DNA measurements. Effect of FLT3-ITD length on (E) EFS and on (F) OS based on RNA measurements. All reported P values compare groups within FLT3-ITD⁺ patients. Clonogenic capacity of primary bone marrow samples upon treatment with (G) gilteritinib and (H) midostaurin. Data were normalized to the mean of the clonogenic capacity of untreated samples. At the concentration of 1 µM gilteritinib, only normal bone marrow was used.