Figure 7. GR attenuates proinflammatory responses in macrophages by impairing p38 MAPK. While TLR4 engagement activates PI3 kinase (PI3K) and multiple MAP kinase kinases (MKKs) and their downstream kinases, p38 MAPK is selectively glucocorticoid (GC) sensitive by transcriptional activation of MKP-1 through GR.