The ffe mouse mutation is in the gene encoding Fpn. (A, B) Wild-type and ffe/ffe mutant embryos dissected at E13.5 on a 129/SvJ inbred mouse background. ffe mutants exhibit severe anemia. (C) Genetic map of ffe interval on mouse chromosome 1. The number of recombination events over number of opportunities for recombination is indicated for each polymorphic marker. Markers D1ski7, D1mit236, and D1ski12 never separated from the ffe phenotype. Within this interval are 7 known protein-coding transcription units: Gulp1 (GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1), Col3a1 (procollagen, type III, alpha 1), Col5a2 (procollagen, type V, alpha 2), Wdr75 (WD repeat domain 75), Slc40a1 (Fpn, solute carrier family 40 member 1), Dnahc7 (dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 7), and Slc39a10 (solute carrier family 39 [zinc transporter], member 10), and 9 novel predicted transcripts. (D) The ffe ENU-induced mutation results in an A-to-G transition at position 95 (green and black arrows) in the coding sequence of Fpn, changing a histidine to an arginine in the first putative transmembrane domain. Image was taken using a Leica M2FLIII fluorescence stereomicroscope with a 10× eyepiece and a 1.0 × planachromic objective with a 0.125 numerical aperture set on 1× (Leica Microsystems Gmbh, Wetzlar, Germany). Image was captured using a Qimaging RETGA 1200 digital CCD camera (Qimaging Corporation, Surrey, BC, Canada) and IPLab Advanced Image Analysis Software Version 3.9.5r3 (BD Biosciences, Rockville, MD). Subsequent image processing was done using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA).