Gossypin inhibits the VEGF-induced migration of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. (A) Wound-healing/migration. HUVECs were plated, scraped, and incubated in medium with 4 ng/mL VEGF in the presence or absence of various concentrations (0.01-10 μM) of gossypin. The cells migrated into the scraped area. Representative photomicrographs of untreated control cells (left) and cells treated with VEGF (center) or VEGF plus gossypin (right) are shown. Dotted lines indicate the initial scraping, scale bar = 200 μm. (B) Quantitative measurement of cell migration. Data are expressed as the migrated cells number in the VEGF-treated cultures. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01 versus VEGF-treated control. (C) Comparison between the activity of gossypin and its aglycone-gossypetin for TNF-induced NF-κB activation. Human myeloid leukemia KBM-5 (2 × 10⁶) cells were incubated with 50 μM gossypin and goosypetin for 2 hours and then treated with 0.1 nmol/L TNF for 30 minutes. Nuclear extracts were then prepared and analyzed for NF-κB activation by EMSA.