Postrelapse survival, by relapse type. Postrelapse survival in patients randomized for postremission therapy. One hundred seventeen of the 164 patients randomized for postremission therapy relapsed. Twenty-seven relapses (23%) were classified as MDS recurrence (18 in the intensive versus 9 in the ambulatory arm; not significantly different). Postrelapse survival was significantly longer in these 27 patients than in other relapsing patients (P = .002 by the log-rank test). The incidence of MDS recurrence was more frequent in patients treated for post-MDS than for de novo AML (44% versus 19%, P = .03). Cumulative incidence of relapse was significantly higher in patients with post-MDS AML (59% versus 44% at 12 months, P = .005 by the Gray test) but due to a longer postrelapse survival their OS was eventually comparable with OS of patients with de novo AML.