Actuarial survival and cumulative incidence of leukemia relapse in patients with acute leukemia undergoing an allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The patients are divided into 3 groups: MRD⁺DLI⁺, n = 17 (patients with positive minimal residual disease, receiving donor lymphocyte infusion); MRD^–, n = 44 (patients with negative MRD); and MRD⁺DLI^–, n = 19 (patients with positive MRD who did not receive DLI). The actuarial survival of MRD⁺DLI⁺ patients is comparable to the actuarial survival of MRD^– patients, due to a low risk of relapse in both groups. Survival of MRD⁺DLI^– patients is significantly worse, due to a higher risk of leukemia relapse in this group (P < .001).