Effects of ω-3 PUFAs on COX-2. HUVECs were treated with VEGF, bFGF, or the combination of both growth factors (VF) and in conjunction with AA, SDA, DHA, or EPA (10 μM). (A) Levels of COX-2 were determined by Western blotting (n = 3). α-tubulin levels are shown to indicate equal loading. “+” signifies COX-2–positive control. (B) Augmented increase in COX-2 expression in VF-treated HUVECs elicited by indomethacin (5 μM). (C) In vitro activity of bovine COX-2 was determined using AA, SDA, DHA, and EPA as substrates (n = 3). Enzyme kinetic parameters (V_max and K_m) were calculated by nonlinear regression. ● indicates AA; ○, EPA; ■, SDA; and □, DHA.