Effects of hypoxia on cytokine expression by DCs. (A) Human monocyte–derived DCs were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions in the presence or absence of LPS for 18 hours and analyzed for mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Results are means plus or minus SD of 3 different experiments. *P < .05 versus normoxic counterparts. (B) Supernatants were collected after 18 hours of LPS treatment and analyzed for cytokine production by ELISA. Results are means plus or minus SD of 4 experiments. *P < .05 versus DCs matured in normoxic conditions. (C) Effects of the inhibition of the biologic activity of VEGF on cytokine secretion by normoxic and hypoxic DCs. α-VEGF indicates anti-VEGF antibody (1 μg/mL); iso indicates isotype-matched antibody. Results are means plus or minus SD of 3 experiments. *P < .05 versus DCs matured in hypoxia.