Reduction in B lineage cells in BM of CpG-treated mice is partially mediated by TNFα, but direction to dendritic fates does not require this cytokine. (A) TNFα^+/+ and TNFα^−/− mice were injected with LAL water (control) or CpG, and total numbers of pro-B/large pre-B, small pre-B, B, pDCs, NK-like IKDCs, and cDCs were enumerated from femurs 48 hours later. Percentage control values represent BM cellularity after CpG treatment relative to BM cellularity in controls. The results are representative of 3 independent experiments. CLPs were sorted in the same experiment and cultured under conditions designed to support B lymphopoiesis. (B) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate these cultures 8 days later. CD19⁻ cells were further resolved on the basis of CD11b and CD11c to reveal conventional and pDC and NK-like IKDCs. (C) Yields per input progenitor were calculated as before. Data are mean plus or minus SEM (*significant difference, P < .05). Data are representative of 2 experiments with each having N = 3. Error bars represent SEM.