NDV-B1 infection induced strong response in dendritic cells. CD14⁺ cells isolated from fresh blood were cultured for 5 days in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs). (A) Monocyte-derived DCs expressed a classic DC profile: CD11c⁺ HLADR⁺ CD14⁻. Percentages are representative of 5 independent experiments. (B) 40× original magnification of ERα immunofluorescence in immature DCs (top panel). Levels of ERα mRNA measure by RT-PCR in mock-treated cells and with 24-hour E2 treatment (bottom panel). Data are presented as fold increase over mock treated, mean plus or minus SD, and results are representative of 3 independent experiments. (C) Viral proteins (NDV HN and NDV NP) measured by qRT-PCR in DCs after 0, 3, 6, 8, 12, and 18 hours of NDV-B1 infection. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. (D) Cytokines, chemokines, and viral gene expression in DCs after 0, 3, 6,8,12, and 18 hours of NDV-B1 infection measured by qRT-PCR. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments.