Effects of exogenous VASH1 or VASH2 on angiogenesis in the skin flap. AdVASH1 or AdVASH2 was injected into the tail vein to supply sufficient exogenous proteins to the site of angiogenesis. (A) Immunostaining of CD31 (red) and αSMA (green) positive cells in the indicated area of the skin flap. Scale bars are 50 μm. (B) Vascular area was determined from 5 different fields in each area. Data are expressed as the means and SDs; *P < .01, **P < .05.