Effect of modulation of the anti-HIV-1 miRNA expression on HIV-1 infection of monocytes and macrophages. (A) D0 monocytes were transfected with the combined microRNA (miRNA-28, 150, 223, and 382) inhibitors or the negative control inhibitor (Anti-miRNA Ctl) for 48 hours, and then infected with the HIV-1 Bal or Yu2 strain. Culture supernatants were collected for HIV-1 RT activity at day 12 postinfection. (B) D7 macrophages were transfected with the combined miRNAs (miRNA-28, 150, 223, and 382) or negative control miRNAs (miRNA Ctl) for 48 hours, and then infected with HIV-1 Bal or Yu2 strain. Culture supernatants were collected for HIV-1 RT activity at day 12 postinfection. The data shown are the mean (± SD) of triplicate culture, representative of 3 experiments using cells from 3 different donors (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; combined miRNAs or combined anti-miRNAs vs miRNAs Ctl or anti-miRNA Ctl).