Adenosine-differentiated CD1a^lowCD14⁺ DCs express VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-10, a combination of angiogenic, proinflammatory, and immune suppressive factors. (A,B) Immature DCs were generated from human monocytes in the presence of 30 μM NECA, and CD1a⁺ and CD1a⁻CD14⁺ cells were separated by immunomagnetic technique. These cells, as well as freshly purified monocytes as control, were cultured under the same conditions with the addition of 20 ng/mL TNF-α. Cells were harvested after 6 hours for mRNA quantification; culture supernatants for measurements of secreted cytokines were collected from duplicate samples after 24 hours. Specific mRNA transcripts were quantified by real-time PCR, and concentrations of secreted cytokines were measured by ELISA. Average values from 3 different experiments are shown. Error bars denote SE.