Regulation of human CD8⁺ T_CM development by IFN-α. Day 7 cytokine-polarized cells were stained with a panel of anti–human monoclonal antibodies, including CCR7, CD45RA, and CXCR3, to assess memory and effector phenotypes. (A) Analysis of surface markers CCR7 and CD45RA (top panel) and CCR7 and CXCR3 (bottom panel). The induction of CCR7^high/CXCR3^low cells by IFN-α is indicated by the orange gate. (B) Quantification of human effector and memory profile (top) and chemokine receptor profile (bottom) regulated by IL-12 and IFN-α. Black indicates neutralized; magenta, IL-12; teal, IFN-α; and orange, IL-12 + IFN-α. Error bars represent the SD of triplicate determinations of each condition. These experiments were performed with 7 different healthy donors with similar results.