HTLV-1 Tax and Gag–specific T-cell responses in macaques. Percentage of CD4⁺ T-cells (left) or CD8⁺T-cells (right) producing IL-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, or interferon-γ after stimulation with Gag (top) or Tax (bottom) overlapping peptides in control macaques (A), macaques exposed to 12KO (B) or HBZKO (C), and 30KO (D). All the data presented have been subtracted from the unstimulated cells background. The bolded dotted lines represent the background threshold of cytokine production observed in the control macaques. BM indicates bone marrow; LN, lymph node.