CpG ODN 2006 activates MCL cell lines and induces plasma cell differentiation. (A) RT-PCR for TLR9 expression in MCL cell lines and sorted ALDH⁺ Jeko-1 cells. (B) Expression of CD86, CD40, and human leukocyte antigen–DR after treatment with CO ODN (dashed lines), CpG (solid lines). Isotypic control staining is represented by the shaded peaks. (C) Frequency of ALDH⁺ cells after treatment with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) vehicle, CO ODN, or CpG ODN (*P < .05, **P < .01; n = 3). (D) Relative clonogenic recovery after treatment with PBS vehicle, CO ODN, or CpG ODN (**P < .01; n = 3). (E) Survival of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient interleukin-2γ receptor^−/− mice after injection with CO (dashed line) or CpG (solid line) ODN–treated cells (P < .001; n = 8 per group). (F) Quantitative RT-PCR for BLIMP1, XBP1, CD138, and CD19 after CO ODN or CpG ODN treatment. Data represent fold change in expression relative to CO ODN–treated values. (G) CD138 and CD19 expression by flow cytometry after treatment with CO ODN or CpG ODN. Values represent percentage in each quadrant.