Effects of CMAs on PMF CD34⁺ cells. PMF CD34⁺ cells were treated with cytokines plus 5azaD for 2 days (n = 6), cytokines plus SAHA for 6 days (n = 6), or cytokines plus 5azaD/SAHA for 8 days (n = 22). The cultures containing cytokines alone were performed in parallel. The cultured cells were then phenotypically characterized. (A) The total number of cells generated after the culture of PMF CD34⁺ cells (1 × 10⁵) in the presence of cytokines plus CMAs. ***P < .001. (B) The number of CD34⁺cells generated after the culture of PMF CD34⁺ cells (1 × 10⁵) in the presence of cytokines plus CMAs. The percentage (C) and number (D) of CD34⁺ cells expressing CXCR4 was significantly increased in the cultures containing cytokines plus 5azaD/SAHA compared with cultures containing cytokines plus 5azaD alone or plus SAHA alone. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; #P = .08. (E) A representative flow cytometric pattern demonstrating the analysis of the percentage of PMF CD34⁺ cells which express CXCR4 after the culture PMF CD34⁺ cells in the presence of cytokines alone or cytokines plus 5azaD/SAHA.