Levels of chemokines and cytokines produced by DCs in response to stimulation with TLR7 agonists. Purified mDCs and pDCs were stimulated with 10μM R848 or 300 ng of p24^CA equivalents AT-2 HIV for 16-18 hours. Supernatants were collected, and cytokine and chemokine production was evaluated using a multiplex bead-based assay (Luminex) and an IFNα ELISA. (A) Summary of cytokines and chemokines secreted by mDCs in response to stimulation with 10μM R848. (B) Summary of cytokines and chemokines secreted by pDCs in response to stimulation with 10μM R848 or 300 ng of p24^CA equivalents AT-2 HIV. Each bar represents the median analyte level (pg/mL) produced by DCs from uninfected subjects (N = 10, □), subjects at Fiebig stages I-II (N = 2,), subjects at Fiebig stages III-IV (N = 4, ■), and subjects at Fiebig stages V-VI (N = 10 for mDCs, 7 for pDCs,▧). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences in the levels of analyte production by DCs from primary HIV-infected subjects at Fiebig stages V-VI and uninfected controls. The asterisks indicate P values: ***P < .001, **P < .01, and *P < .05.