MiHA-specific CD8+ effector T-cell expansion can be enhanced by PD-L–silenced DCs. Two days after electroporation with PD-L1 and/or PD-L2 siRNA, mature HLA-B7+LRH-1− or HLA-A2+HA-1− DCs were loaded with or without 5μM MiHA peptide. PD-L knockdown resulted in < 17% PD-L1+ and/or < 5% PD-L2+ DCs. Patient PBMCs, containing MiHA-specific CD8+ effector T cells, stimulated with PD-L knockdown DCs at a ratio of 1:0.1, were screened after 1 week for tetramer+ CD8+ T cells using flow cytometry. The numbers in the FACS plots represent the percentage of (A) LRH-1– (UPN543) or (B) HA-1–specific (UPN640) CD8+ T cells in the total CD3+CD8+ T-cell population. Total numbers of LRH-1– (C) or HA-1–specific (D) CD8+ T cells obtained after 1 week of stimulation with PD-L knockdown DCs loaded with or without MiHA peptide.