Comparison of clinical outcome in the “prospective” and “historical” cohort. The prospective cohort included 21 high-risk patients (4 MRD-positive favorable-karyotype, 9 MRD-positive intermediate-karyotype, 4 unfavorable-karyotype, and 4 FLT3-ITD) who underwent ASCT (8 matched sibling donor, 6 haploidentical related, and 7 matched unrelated/umbilical cord blood donor). The historical cohort accounted for 36 high-risk patients (6 MRD-positive favorable-karyotype, 23 MRD-positive intermediate-karyotype, 1 unfavorable-karyotype, and 6 FLT3-ITD). ASCT was offered to 12 patients with an available matched sibling donor, whereas those lacking this option were given autologous stem cell transplantation (n = 24). With a median follow-up of 18 months, survival estimates were significantly superior for the prospective cohort compared with the historical control (DFS 70% vs 20%, P = .000 47; OS 69% vs 24%, P = .046).