The alternative pathway of complement activation is required efficient OC differentiation. Aliquots of 2 × 106 WT and factor D−/− BM cells were cultured in α-MEM/10% heat-inactivated FBS media in each well of a 24-well plate together with 1 × 10−8M 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. OCs were stained, and TRAP-positive cells in each well were counted under a microscope. Panels show representative TRAP-positive cells from WT (A), factor D−/− (B) BM cells, and total mononuclear (mono)/multinucleated (multi) TRAP-positive cells in each well (C). Results are representative from 2 independent experiments performed in triplicates. Data are mean ± SD: *P < .05, #P < .05.