Aberrant mural cell recruitment in human IPF lungs. (A) Immunohistochemistry of lymphatic vessels with the marker D2-40 on on-IPF lung tissue and IPF samples. Scale bars equal 200 μm. (B) Quantitative analysis of D2-40–positive vessels in lung tissue of IPF- and non-IPF patients (non-IPF n = 3, IPF n = 12). (C) Quantitative analysis of D2-40–positive lymphatic vessels associated with PDGFR-β–positive mural cells in lung tissue of IPF- and non-IPF–patients (non-IPF n = 3, IPF n = 12). (D) Simultaneous immunodetection of lymphatic vessels and pericytes, with the markers D2-40 and PDGFR-β, on non-IPF lung tissue and IPF samples. Scale bars equal 50 μm. Error bars show SEM.