Effects of calcineurin/NFAT inhibitors on myeloid innate immune cells. Treatment with CsA, tacrolimus, or VIVIT affects the myeloid cells at different levels. Inhibition of NFAT enhances the development of myeloid cells from hematopoietic precursors as well as several immune functions in differentiated cell types. After exposure to different PAMPs, innate myeloid cells respond by activating NFAT and transcribing downstream genes, resulting in modulation of proinflammatory and prosurvival gene programs. Treatment with CsA or tacrolimus during the response to microbial stimuli decreases NFAT nuclear translocation, leading to changes in inflammatory status of different types of myeloid cells, eventually exacerbating or protecting from infections or inflammatory syndromes.