Increasing percentages of CR and MRD⁻ CR after first-line treatment in CLL patients. The results presented are after the administration of: chlorambucil^30,50,51 ; fludarabine^50–52  (for which only clinical responses are shown); alemtuzumab³⁰ ; the FC combination^5,50,52 ; FCR⁵ ; FCM³² ; RFCM³¹  (for which MRD⁻ cases as assessed by high-sensitivity methods are shown). Percentages of MRD⁺ cases or those without MRD evaluation are depicted in blue; MRD⁻ cases are in green.