Combining VCR or Dex with AraC or DNR prevents HS27a MSCs from developing the characteristic pathology and cytokine secretion patterns of CAF. (A) Phalloidin/DAPI staining of AraC or DNR-treated HS27a cells, either alone or with VCR or DEX (original magnification ×20). (B) Cytokines and chemokines IL8 (i,iv), IL6 (ii,v), and CCL2 (iii,vi) secreted by HS27a after AraC (i-iii) or DNR (iv-vi) treatment, alone or with DEX or VCR. All statistically significant comparisons (by unpaired Student t test) are as depicted: IL8 AraC vs AraC+DEX, P = .0049; AraC vs AraC+VCR, P = .0112; IL6 AraC vs AraC+DEX, P = .0005; CCL2 AraC vs AraC+DEX, P = .05; IL8 DNR vs DNR+DEX, P = .0053; DNR vs DNR+VCR, P = .0364; IL6 DNR vs DNR+DEX, P = .0011; and DNR vs DNR+VCR, P = .04. *.01 < P ≤ .05; **.001 < P ≤ .01.