A-PACs induce cell death in leukemia cell lines and primary AML cells while sparing healthy CD34⁺CB cells. (A) Epicatechin. (B) A-PAC dimer. (C) A-PAC trimer. (D-E) Dose-response effects of cell lines and primary AML cells treated with CYS. (F-G) Dose-response effects of A-PACs on cell lines (group A, between blue lines: high sensitivity; group B, between red lines: intermediate sensitivity; group C, between black lines: low sensitivity) and primary AML cells. (H) Normal cord blood CD34⁺ cells treated with A-PACs. (I) Scheme for experimental design. (J) Colony-forming unit (CFU) for normal CD34⁺ CB and AML samples treated with A-PACs; erythroid (Ery), myeloid, and AML CFU percent relative to untreated. (K) Percent engraftment of primary AML cells untreated or treated with 62.5μg/mL A-PACs after 8 weeks. (L) Percent engraftment of normal CD34⁺ cells treated with and without 62.5 μg/mL A-PACs after 8 weeks. Data with mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) were significant if *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 (Student t test). DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.