T-cell proliferation. (A) Representative flow cytometric analysis (left panel) and quantification (right panel) of CellTrace Violet stain showing T-cell proliferation by CD4⁺CD5⁺CD39^- T cells alone or after coculture with DN ILC3 or ecto⁺ ILC3, in the presence or absence of eATP. (B) HPLC tandem-MS inosine measurement (µMol/L) of ecto⁺ ILC3 cocultured with CD4⁺CD5⁺CD39^- T cells untreated or eATP-stimulated. (C) ADA gene expression by tonsillar DN ILC3, ecto⁺ ILC3 and CD4⁺ T cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Data are summarized from 3-4 independent experiments. (D) CD26 expression on ecto⁺ ILC3 (blue line) and DN ILC3 (green line) from tonsils and quantified by comparing paired samples (n = 6, right panel). *P < .05 as determined by Student t test.