Schematic overview of the NGS workup and potential clinical consequences in case of confirmed MDS by conventional techniques. AML-defining mutations include CEBPA, NPM1, and FLT3-ITD. HSCTx, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (possibly with preceding chemotherapy); SF3B1, mutations in SF3B1; TP53, mutations in TP53. *Currently not approved.