β-Gal expression is significantly increased in patients with low VWF compared with controls. Additional lectin plate-binding ELISAs were performed to further characterize VWF glycan expression in patients with low VWF (▿) compared with O blood group-matched control subjects (○). As indicated in the illustrations, RCA-I (A) binds to exposed terminal β-linked Gal residues; ECA (B) also binds to Gal residues, particularly those present in polylactosamine repeat structures; UEA-I (C) recognizes the ABO blood group, H-antigen, on VWF. All ELISAs were performed in duplicate and results expressed as a percentage of binding to reference plasma (100%) using the slope of different dilutions. RCA-I binding was significantly increased in patients with low VWF compared with controls. ***P < .001, Mann-Whitney U test.